Transformation of Cancer Care during and after the COVID Pandemic, a point of no return. The Experience of Italy.

Policymakers everywhere struggle to introduce therapeutic innovation while controlling costs, a particular challenge for the universal Italian National Healthcare System (SSN), which spends only 8.8% of GDP to care for one of the world's oldest populations. Oncology provides a telling example, where innovation has dramatically improved care and survival, transforming cancer into a chronic condition. However, innovation has also increased therapy duration, adverse event management, and service demand. The SSN risks collapse unless centralized cancer planning changes gear, particularly with Covid-19 causing treatment delays, worsening patient prognosis and straining capacity. In view of the 750 billion Euro "Next Generation EU", released by the European Union to relieve Member States hit by the pandemic, the SSN tapped a multidisciplinary research team to identify key strategies for equitable uptake of innovations in treatment and delivery, with emphasis on data-driven technological and managerial advancements - and lessons from Covid-19.

New models of care and multidimensional solutions for oncological patients in the post-acute SARS-COV-2 period: a "Second Phase" also for cancer patients.

In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak registered a high transmission and disease rates. During the acute phase, oncologists provided to re-organize services and prioritize treatments, in order to limit viral spread and to protect cancer patients. The progressive reduction of the number of infections has prompted Italian government to gradually loosen the national confinement measures and to start the "Second phase" of measures to contain the pandemic. The issue on how to organize cancer care during this post-acute SARS-CoV-2 phase appears crucial and a reassessment of healthcare services is needed requiring new models of care for oncological patients. In order to address major challenges in cancer setting during post-acute SARS-CoV-2 phase, this work offers multidimensional solutions aimed to provide a new way to take care of cancer patients.

Accurate triage may be efficacious in selecting patients who could safely continue anticancer therapy during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Background: During the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, cancer patients (pts) who are infected may develop severe disease if their systemic treatment is not temporarily stopped. Nasopharyngeal swab was not extensively available to screen cancer pts for SARS-COV-2 infection in northern Italy, the most area in the country most affected by the pandemic. From the beginning of the outbreak onwards, all pts admitted to the Medical Oncology Unit at Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, underwent a triage investigating the presence of symptoms and signs suggestive of SARS-COV-2 infection. Triage results were used to decide which pts should continue antineoplastic treatments. Methods: All consecutive cancer pts being admitted for systemic treatment from February 24th to April 21st 2020 were considered. Triage, performed by a trained nurse, consisted of questions regarding the presence of fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, nasal congestion, conjunctival congestion, sore throat, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, measurement of body temperature and pulse oximetry. All enrolled pts were followed-up for overt SARS-COV-2 development until May 18th. Results: Overall, 1180 pts were included, 54% female and median age 65 years. Most represented primary malignancies were breast (32%), gastroenteric (18%) and lung (16.5%). Thirty-one (2.5%) presented with clinically evident SARS-COV-2 disease and infection was proven by positive nasopharyngeal swab and/or radiological imaging. The triage identified 69 (6%) “grey zone” pts, with suspicious symptoms (i.e. fever 41%, cough 30%, dyspnea 19%). The nasopharyngeal swab was negative in 48% of them and was not performed in the remaining 52% of pts, as well as in all pts who were triage negative. Both SARS-COV-2 positive and “grey zone” pts did not receive treatment and were addressed to hospitalisation or home quarantine. All the 1080 pts (91.5%) who resulted negative at triage continued their antineoplastic therapy as scheduled, none of them presenting symptoms of SARS-COV-2 infection during the follow-up. Conclusions: Accurate triage allowed safe continuation of anticancer treatment in 91.5% of pts during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.